Thursday, March 29, 2012
THE MAGIC OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Daniel Dennett is Fletcher Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University.
Here Professor Dennett lectures on the philosophical obstacles to understanding consciousness. This lecture Ignore warning includes topics covered in detail in his wonderful books "Consciousness Explained" and "Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness".
Thursday, March 15, 2012
Saturday, February 11, 2012
982.20 STARTING WITH PARTS
982.20  Starting With Parts: The Nonradial Line: Since humanity started with parallel lines, planes, and cubes, it also adopted the edge line of the square and cube as the prime unit of mensuration. This inaugurated geomathematical exploration and analysis with a part of the whole, in contradistinction to synergetics' inauguration of exploration and analysis with total Universe, within which it discovers whole conceptual systems, within which it identifies subentities always dealing with experimentally discovered and experimentally verifiable information. Though life started with whole Universe, humans happened to pick one part__the line, which was so short a section of Earth arc (and the Earth's diameter so relatively great) that they assumed the Earth-scratched-surface line to be straight. The particular line of geometrical reference humans picked happened not to be the line of most economical interattractive integrity. It was neither the radial line of radiation nor the radial line of gravity of spherical Earth. From this nonradial line of nature's event field, humans developed their formulas for calculating areas and volumes of the circle and the sphere only in relation to the cube-edge lines, developing empirically the "transcendentally irrational," ergo incommensurable, number pi ( ), 3.14159 . . . ad infinitum, which provided practically tolerable approximations of the dimensions of circles and spheres. |
| 982.21 Synergetics has discovered that the vectorially most economical control line of nature is in the diagonal of the cube's face and not in its edge; that this diagonal connects two spheres of the isotropic-vector-matrix field; and that those spherical centers are congruent with the two only-diagonally-interconnected corners of the cube. Recognizing that those cube-diagonal-connected spheres are members of the closest packed, allspace-coordinating, unit radius spheres field, whose radii = 1 (unity), we see that the isotropic-vector-matrix's field-occurring-cube's diagonal edge has the value. of 2, being the line interconnecting the centers of the two spheres, with each half of the line being the radius of one sphere, and each of the whole radii perpendicular to the same points of intersphere tangency. |
| 982.30 Diagonal of Cube as Control Length: We have learned elsewhere that the sum of the second powers of the two edges of a right triangle equals the second power of the right triangle's hypotenuse; and since the hypotenuse of the two similar equiedged right triangles formed on the square face of the cube by the sphere-center-connecting diagonal has a value of two, its second power is four; therefore, half of that four is the second power of each of the equi-edges of the right triangle of the cube's diagonaled face: half of four is two. |
| 982.31 The square root of 2 = 1.414214, ergo, the length of each of the cube's edges is 1.414214. The sqrt(2)happens to be one of those extraordinary relationships of Universe discovered by mathematics. The relationship is: the number one is to the second root of two as the second root of two is to two: 1:sqrt(2) = sqrt(2):2, which, solved, reads out as 1 : 1.414214 = 1.414214 : 2. |
| 982.32 The cube formed by a uniform width, breadth, and height of sqrt(2) is sqrt(23), which = 2.828428. Therefore, the cube occurring in nature with the isotropic vector matrix, when conventionally calculated, has a volume of 2.828428. |
| 982.33 This is exploratorily noteworthy because this cube, when calculated in terms of man's conventional mensuration techniques, would have had a volume of one, being the first cube to appear in the omni-geometry-coordinate isotropic vector matrix; its edge length would have been identified as the prime dimensional input with an obvious length value ofone__ergo, its volume would be one: 1 × 1 × 1 = 1. Conventionally calculated, this cube with a volume of one, and an edge length of one, would have had a face diagonal length of sqrt(2), which equals 1.414214. Obviously, the use of the diagonal of the cube's face as the control length results in a much higher volume than when conventionally evaluated. |
| 982.40 Tetrahedron and Synergetics Constant: And now comes the big surprise, for we find that the cube as coordinately reoccurring in the isotropic vector matrix__as most economically structured by nature__has a volume of three in synergetics' vector- edged, structural-system-evaluated geometry, wherein the basic structural system of Universe, the tetrahedron, has a volume of one. |
| 982.41 A necklace-edged cube has no structural integrity. A tension-linked, edge- strutted cube collapses. |
| 982.42 To have its cubical conformation structurally (triangulated) guaranteed (see Secs. 615 and 740), the regular equiangled tetrahedron must be inserted into the cube, with the tetrahedron's six edges congruent with each of the six vacant but omnitriangulatable diagonals of the cube's six square faces. |
| 982.43 As we learn elsewhere (Secs. 415.22 and 990), the tetrahedron is not only the basic structural system of Universe, ergo, of synergetic geometry, but it is also the quantum of nuclear physics and is, ipso facto, exclusively identifiable as the unit of volume; ergo, tetrahedron volume equals one. We also learned in the sections referred to above that the volume of the octahedron is exactly four when the volume of the tetrahedron of the unit-vector edges of the isotropic-vector-matrix edge is one, and that four Eighth-Octahedra are asymmetrical tetrahedra with an equiangular triangular base, three apex angles of 90 degrees, and six lower-comer angles of 45 degrees each; each of the 1/8th octahedron's asymmetric tetrahedra has a volumetric value of one-half unity (the regular tetrahedron). When four of the Eighth-Octahedrons are equiangle-face added to the equiangled, equiedged faces of the tetrahedra, they produce the minimum cube, which, having the tetrahedron at its heart with a volume of one, has in addition four one-half unity volumed Eighth-Octahedra, which add two volumetric units on its corners. Therefore, 2 + 1 = 3 = the volume of the cube. The cube is volume three where the tetrahedron's volume is one, and the octahedron's volume is four, and the cube's diagonally structured faces have a diagonal length of one basic system vector of the isotropic vector matrix. (See Illus. 463.01.) |
| 982.44 Therefore the edge of the cube = sqrt(1/2). |
982.45 Humanity's conventional mensuration cube with a volume of one turns out in energetic reality to have a conventionally calculated volume of 2.828428, but this same cube in the relative-energy volume hierarchy of synergetics has a volume of 3.
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| 982.46 To correct 2.828428 to read 3, we multiply 2.828428 by the synergetics conversion constant 1.06066. (See Chart 963.10.) |
| 982.47 Next we discover, as the charts at Secs. 963.10 and 223.64 show, that of the inventory of well-known symmetrical polyhedra of geometry, all but the cube have irrational values as calculated in the XYZ rectilinear-coordinate system__"cubism" is a convenient term__in which the cube's edge and volume are both given the prime mensuration initiating value of one. When, however, we multiply all these irrational values of the Platonic polyhedra by the synergetic conversion constant, 1.06066, all these values become unitarily or combinedly rational, and their low first-four-prime-number- accommodation values correspond exactly with those of the synergetic hierarchy of geometric polyhedra, based on the tetrahedron as constituting volumetric unity. |
| 982.48 All but the icosahedron and its "wife," the pentagonal dodecahedron, prove to be volumetrically rational. However, as the tables show, the icosahedron and the vector-edged cube are combiningly rational and together have the rational value of three to the third power, i.e., 27. We speak of the pentagonal dodecahedron as the icosahedron's wife because it simply outlines the surface-area domains of the 12 vertexes of the icosahedron by joining together the centers of area of the icosahedron's 20 faces. When the pentagonal dodecahedron is vectorially constructed with flexible tendon joints connecting its 30 edge struts, it collapses, for, having no triangles, it has no structural integrity. This is the same behavior as that of a cube constructed in the same flexible- tendon-vertex manner. Neither the cube nor the pentagonal dodecahedron is scientifically classifiable as a structure or as a structural system (see Sec. 604). |
| 982.50 Initial Four-Dimensional Modelability: The modelability of the XYZ coordinate system is limited to rectilinear-frame-of-reference definition of all special-case experience patternings, and it is dimensionally sized by arbitrary, e.g., c.gt.s.-system, subdivisioning increments. The initial increments are taken locally along infinitely extensible lines always parallel to the three sets of rectilinearly interrelated edges of the cube. Any one of the cube's edges may become the one-dimensional module starting reference for initiating the mensuration of experience in the conventional, elementary, energetical7 school curriculum. (Footnote 7: Energetical is in contradistinction to synergetical. Energetics employs isolation of special cases of our total experience, the better to discern unique behaviors of parts undiscernible and unmeasurable in total experience.) |
| 982.51 The XYZ cube has no initially moduled, vertex-defined nucleus; nor has it any inherent, common, most-economically-distanced, uniform, in-out-and- circumferentially-around, corner-cutting operational interlinkage, uniformly moduled coordinatability. Nor has it any initial, ergo inherent, time-weight-energy-(as mass charge or EMF) expressibility. Nor has it any omni-intertransformability other than that of vari- sized cubism. The XYZ exploratory coordination inherently commences differentially, i.e., with partial system consideration. Consider the three-dimensional, weightless, timeless, temperatureless volume often manifest in irrational fraction increments, the general reality impoverishments of which required the marriage of the XYZ system with the c.gt.s. system in what resembles more of an added partnership than an integration of the two. |
| 982.52 The synergetics coordinate system's initial modelability accommodates four dimensions and is operationally developable by frequency modulation to accommodate fifth- and sixth-dimensional conceptual-model accountability. Synergetics is initially nuclear-vertexed by the vector equilibrium and has initial in-out-and-around, diagonaling, and diametrically opposite, omni-shortest-distance interconnections that accommodate commonly uniform wavilinear vectors. The synergetics system expresses divergent radiational and convergent gravitational, omnidirectional wavelength and frequency propagation in one operational field. As an initial operational vector system, its (mass x velocity) vectors possess all the unique, special-case, time, weight, energy (as mass charge or EMF) expressibilities. Synergetics' isotropic vector matrix inherently accommodates maximally economic, omniuniform intertransformability. |
| 982.53 In the synergetics' four-, five-, and six-dimensionally coordinate system's operational field the linear increment modulatability and modelability is the isotropic vector matrix's vector, with which the edges of the co-occurring tetrahedra and octahedra are omnicongruent; while only the face diagonals__and not the edges__of the inherently co-occurring cubes are congruent with the matrix vectors. Synergetics' exploratory coordination inherently commences integrally, i.e., with whole-systems consideration. Consider the one-dimensional linear values derived from the initially stated whole system, six-dimensional, omnirational unity; any linear value therefrom derived can be holistically attuned by unlimited frequency and one-to-one, coordinated, wavelength modulatability. To convert the XYZ system's cubical values to the synergetics' values, the mathematical constants are linearly derived from the mathematical ratios existing between the tetrahedron's edges and the cube's corner-to-opposite-corner distance relationships; while the planar area relationships are derived from the mathematical ratios existing between cubical-edged square areas and cubical-face-diagonaled-edged triangular areas; and the volumetric value mathematical relationships are derived from ratios existing between (a) the cube-edge-referenced third power of the-often odd-fractioned-edge measurements (metric or inches) of cubically shaped volumes and (b) the cube-face-diagonal-vector- referenced third power of exclusively whole number vector, frequency modulated, tetrahedrally shaped volumes. (See Sec. 463 and 464 for exposition of the diagonal of the cube as a wave-propagation model.) |
982.54 The mathematical constants for conversion of the linear, areal, and volumetric values of the XYZ system to those of the synergetics system derive from the synergetics constant (1.060660). (See Sec. 963.10 and Chart 963.12.) The conversion constants are as follows:
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| 982.55 To establish a numerical value for the sphere, we must employ the synergetics constant for cubical third-power volumetric value conversion of the vector equilibrium with the sphere of radius 1. Taking the vector equilibrium at the initial phase (zero frequency, which is unity-two diameter: ergo unity-one radius) with the sphere of radius l; i.e., with the external vertexes of the vector equilibrium congruent with the surface of the sphere = 4/3 pi () multiplied by the third power of the radius. Radius = 1. 13 = 1. l × 1.333 × 3.14159 = 4.188. 4.188 times synergetics third-power constant 1.192 = 5 = volume of the sphere. The volume of the radius 1 vector equilibrium = 2.5. VE sphere = 2 VE. |
| 982.56 We can assume that when the sphere radius is 1 (the same as the nuclear vector equilibrium) the Basic Disequilibrium 120 LCD tetrahedral components of mild off- sizing are also truly of the same volumetric quanta value as the A and B Quanta Modules; they would be shortened in overall greatest length while being fractionally fattened at their smallest-triangular-face end, i.e., at the outer spherical surface end of the 120 LCD asymmetric tetrahedra. This uniform volume can be maintained (as we have seen in Sec. 961.40). |
| 982.57 Because of the fundamental 120-module identity of the nuclear sphere of radius 1 (F = 0), we may now identify the spherical icosahedron of radius 1 as five; or as 40 when frequency is 2F2. Since 40 is also the volume of the F2 vector-equilibrium- vertexes-congruent sphere, the unaberrated vector equilibrium F2 = 20 (i.e., 8 × 2 1/2 nuclear-sphere's inscribed vector equilibrium). We may thus assume that the spherical icosahedron also subsides by loss of half its volume to a size at which its volume is also 20, as has been manifested by its prime number five, indistinguishable from the vector equilibrium in all of its topological hierarchies characteristics. |
 Fig. 982.58 | 982.58 Neither the planar-faceted exterior edges of the icosahedron nor its radius remain the same as that of the vector equilibrium, which, in transforming from the vector equilibrium conformation to the icosahedral state__as witnessed in the jitterbugging (see Sec. 465) __did so by transforming its outer edge lengths as well as its radius. This phenomenon could be analagous the disappearance of the nuclear sphere, which is apparently permitted by the export of its volume equally to the 12 surrounding spheres whose increased diameters would occasion the increased sizing of the icosahedron to maintain the volume 20-ness of the vector equilibrium. This supports the working assumption that the 120 LCD asymmetric tetrahedral volumes are quantitatively equal to the A or B Quanta Modules, being only a mild variation of shape. This effect is confirmed by the discovery that 15 of the 120 LCD Spherical Triangles equally and interiorly subdivide each of the eight spherical octahedron's triangular surfaces, which spherical octahedron is described by the three-great-circle set of the 25 great circles of the spherical vector equilibrium. |
| 982.59 We may also assume that the pentagonal-faced dodecahedron, which is developed on exactly the same spherical icosahedron, is also another transformation of the same module quantation as that of the icosahedron's and the vector equilibrium's prime number five topological identity. |
982.60 Without any further developmental use of pi () we may now state in relation to the isotropic vector matrix synergetic system, that:
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 Fig. 982.61 | 982.61 There is realized herewith a succession of concentric, 12-around-one, closest-packed spheres, each of a tetra volume of five; i.e., of 120 A and B Quanta Modules omniembracing our hierarchy of nuclear event patternings. See Illus. 982.61 in the color section, which depicts the synergetics isometric of the isotropic vector matrix and its omnirational, low-order whole number, equilibrious state of the micro-macro cosmic limits of nuclearly unique, symmetrical morphological relativity in their interquantation, intertransformative, intertransactive, expansive-contractive, axially- rotative, operational field. This may come to be identified as the unified field, which, as an operationally transformable complex, is conceptualizable only in its equilibrious state. |
| 982.61A Cosmic Hierarchy of Omnidirectionally-phased Nuclear-centered, Convergently-divergently Intertransformable Systems: There is realized herewith a succession of concentric, 12-around-one, closest-packed spheres omniembracing our hierarchy of nuclear event patternings. The synergetics poster in color plate 9 depicts the synergetics isometric of the isotropic vector matrix and its omnirational, low-order-whole- number, equilibrious state of the macro-micro cosmic limits of nuclearly unique, symmetrical morphological relativity in their interquantation, intertransformative, intertransactive, expansive-contractive, axially rotative, operational field. This may come to be identified as the unified field, which, as an operationally transformable complex, is conceptualized only in its equilibrious state. |
982.62 Table of Concentric, 12-Around-One, Closest-Packed Spheres, Each of a Tetra Volume of Five, i.e., 120 A and B Quanta Modules, Omniembracing Our Hierarchy of Nuclear Event Patternings. (See also Illus. 982.61 in drawings section.)
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982.62A Table of Concentric, 12-around-one, Closest-packed Spheres Omniembracing Our Hierarchy of Nuclear Event Patternings (Revised):
* The spheric spin domain of the rhombic triacontahedron "sphere." |
| 982.63 Sphere and Vector Equilibrium: Sphere = vector equilibrium in combined four-dimensional orbit and axial spin. Its 12 vertexes describing six great circles and six axes. All 25 great circles circling while spinning on one axis produce a spin-profiling of a superficially perfect sphere. |
| 982.64 The vector equilibrium also has 25 great circles (see Sec. 450.10), of which 12 circles have 12 axes of spin, four great circles have four axes of spin, six great circles have six axes of spin, and three great circles have three axes of spin. (12 + 4 + 6 + 3 = 25) |
| 982.65 Vector equilibrium = sphere at equilibrious, ergo zero energized, ergo unorbited and unspun state. |
| 982.70 Hierarchy of Concentric Symmetrical Geometries: It being experimentally demonstrable that the number of A and B Quanta Modules per tetrahedron is 24 (see Sec.942.10); that the number of quanta modules of all the symmetric polyhedra congruently co-occurring within the isotropic vector matrix is always 24 times their whole regular-tetrahedral-volume values; that we find the volume of the nuclear sphere to be five (it has a volumetric equivalence of 120 A and B Quanta Modules); that the common prime number fivetopological and quanta-module value identifies both the vector equilibrium and icosahedron (despite their exclusively unique morphologies__see Sec. 905, especially 905.55; that the icosahedron is one of the three-and-only prime structural systems of Universe (see Secs. 610.20 and 1011.30) while the vector equilibrium is unstable__because equilibrious__and is not a structure; that their quanta modules are of equal value though dissimilar in shape; and that though the vector equilibrium may be allspace-fillingly associated with tetrahedra and octahedra, the icosahedron can never be allspace-fillingly compounded either with itself nor with any other polyhedron: these considerations all suggest the relationship of the neutron and the proton for, as with the latter, the icosahedron and vector equilibrium are interexchangingly transformable through their common spherical-state omnicongruence, quantitatively as well as morphologically. |
982.71 The significance of this unified field as defining and embracing the minimum- maximum limits of the inherent nuclear domain limits is demonstrated by the nucleus- concentric, symmetrical, geometrical hierarchy wherein the rhombic dodecahedron represents the smallest, omnisymmetrical, selfpacking, allspace-filling, six-tetra-volume, uniquely exclusive, cosmic domain of each and every closest-packed, unit-radius sphere. Any of the closest-packed, unit-radius spheres, when surrounded in closest packing by 12 other such spheres, becomes the nuclear sphere, to become uniquely embraced by four successive layers of surrounding, closest-packed, unit-radius spheres__each of which four layers is uniquely related to that nucleus__with each additional layer beyond four becoming duplicatingly repetitive of the pattern of unique surroundment of the originally unique, first four, concentric-layered, nuclear set. It is impressive that the unique nuclear domain of the rhombic dodecahedron with a volume of six contains within itself and in nuclear concentric array:
(Footnote 8: For further suggestions of the relationship between the rhombic dodecahedron and the degrees of freedom see Sec. 426 537.10 954.47.) |
| 982.72 The domain limits of the hierarchy of concentric, symmetrical geometries also suggests the synergetic surprise of two balls having only one interrelationship; while three balls have three__easily predictable__relationships; whereas the simplest, ergo prime, structural system of Universe defined exclusively by four balls has an unpredictable (based on previous experience) sixness of fundamental interrelationships represented by the six edge vectors of the tetrahedron. |
| 982.73 The one-quantum "leap" is also manifest when one vector edge of the volume 4 octahedron is rotated 90 degrees by disconnecting two of its ends and reconnecting them with the next set of vertexes occurring at 90 degrees from the previously interconnected-with vertexes, transforming the same unit-length, 12-vector structuring from the octahedron to the first three-triple-bonded-together (face-to-face) tetrahedra of the tetrahelix of the DNA-RNA formulation. One 90-degree vector reorientation in the complex alters the volume from exactly 4 to exactly 3. This relationship of one quantum disappearance coincident to the transformation of the nuclear symmetrical octahedron into the asymmetrical initiation of the DNA-RNA helix is a reminder of the disappearing-quanta behavior of the always integrally end-cohered jitterbugging transformational stages from the 20 tetrahedral volumes of the vector equilibrium to the octahedron's 4 and thence to the tetrahedron's 1 volume. All of these stages are rationally concentric in our unified operational field of 12-around-one closest- packed spheres that is only conceptual as equilibrious. We note also that per each sphere space between closest-packed spheres is a volume of exactly one tetrahedron: 6 - 5 = 1. |
Copyright © 1997 Estate of R. Buckminster Fuller
http://www.rwgrayprojects.com/synergetics/s09/p8220.html
200.00 SYNERGETICS
200.001 Definition: Synergetics
Definition: Synergetics | 200.01 Synergetics promulgates a system of mensuration employing 60-degree vectorial coordination comprehensive to both physics and chemistry, and to both arithmetic and geometry, in rational whole numbers. |
| 200.02 Synergetics originates in the assumption that dimension must be physical; that conceptuality is metaphysical and independent of size; and that a triangle is a triangle independent of size. |
| 200.03 Since physical Universe is entirely energetic, all dimension must be energetic. Synergetics is energetic geometry since it identifies energy with number. Energetic geometry employs 60-degree coordination because that is nature's way to closest-pack spheres. |
| 200.04 Synergetics provides geometrical conceptuality in respect to energy quanta. In synergetics, the energy as mass is constant, and nonlimit frequency is variable. |
| 200.05 Vectors and tensors constitute all elementary definition. |
| 200.06 Synergetics shows how we may measure our experiences geometrically and topologically and how we may employ geometry and topology to coordinate all information regarding our experiences, both metaphysical and physical. Information can be either conceptually metaphysical or quantitatively special case physical experiencing, or it can be both. The quantized physical case is entropic, while the metaphysical generalized conceptioning induced by the generalized content of the information is syntropic. The resulting mind-appreciated syntropy evolves to anticipatorily terminate the entropically accelerated disorder. |
| 201.00 Experientially Founded Mathematics |
| 201.01 The mathematics involved in synergetics consists of topology combined with vectorial geometry. Synergetics derives from experientially invoked mathematics. Experientially invoked mathematics shows how we may measure and coordinate omnirationally, energetically, arithmetically, geometrically, chemically, volumetrically, crystallographically, vectorially, topologically, and energy-quantum-wise in terms of the tetrahedron. |
| 201.02 Since the measurement of light's relative swiftness, which is far from instantaneous, the classical concepts of instant Universe and the mathematicians' instant lines have become both inadequate and invalid for inclusion in synergetics. |
| 201.03 Synergetics makes possible a rational, whole-number, low-integer quantation of all the important geometries of experience because the tetrahedron, the octahedron, the rhombic dodecahedron, the cube, and the vector equilibrium embrace and comprise all the lattices of all the atoms. |
| 201.10 Accommodation of Proclivities, Phases, and Disciplines |
| 201.11 The tetrahedral and vector equilibrium models in the isotropic vector matrix provide an absolute accommodation network of energy articulation, including the differentiated proclivities of:
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| 201.20 Synergetic Hierarchy: Grand Strategy |
| 201.21 Although we are deeply and inescapably aware of the vast ranges of unexploited geometry, we must not permit such preoccupations to obscure our awareness of the generalized, comprehensively coordinate, arithmetical, geometrical, and factorial system employed by nature in all her energetic-synergetic transformative transactions. With the general systems' discovery of the tetrahedron as the basic structural unit of physical Universe quantation, we find that there is a fundamental hierarchy of vectorial-geometric relationships that coincides with and integrates topology, quantum mechanics, and chemistry. |
| 201.22 All of the exact sciences of physics and chemistry have provided for the accounting of the physical behaviors of matter and energy only through separate, unique languages that require awkward translation through the function of the abstract interpreters known as the constants. But synergetics now embraces the comprehensive family of behavioral relationships within one language capable of reconciling all the experimentally disclosed values of the XYZ__CGtS mensuration systems adopted by science. The adoption of the tetrahedron as mensural unity, as proposed in Table 223.64, and the recognition of the isotropic vector matrix as the rational coordinate model, are all that is needed to reveal the implicit omnirationality of all chemical associating and disassociating. Thus we can provide a single language to recognize and accommodate__
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| 202.00 Angular Topology |
| 202.01 Synergetics is a triangular and tetrahedral system. It uses 60-degree coordination instead of 90-degree coordination. It permits conceptual modeling of the fourth and fifth arithmetic powers; that is, fourth- and fifth-dimensional aggregations of points or spheres in an entirely rational coordinate system that is congruent with all the experientially harvested data of astrophysics and molecular physics; that is, both macro- and micro-cosmic phenomena. It coordinates within one mensurational system the complete gears-interlocking of quantum wave mechanics and vectorial geometry. |
| 202.02 Synergetics topology integrates laws of angle and volume regularities with Euler's point, area, and line abundance laws. |
| 202.03 Angular Topology: Synergetics discovers the relative abundance laws of Euler's point-area-line conceptual regularities and integrates them with geometrical angle laws, prime number progression, and a primitive geometrical hierarchy. All of this synergetic integration of topology with the angular regularities of geometrical transformabilities is conceptually generalizable independent of special case, time-space-sizing relations. |
| 203.00 Scope |
| 203.01 Synergetics explains much that has not been previously illuminated. It is not contradictory to any of the experimentally based knowledge of the classically disciplined sciences. It does not contradict the calculus or any other mathematical tool for special-case applications, although it often finds them inadequate or irrelevant. |
| 203.02 Experientially founded synergetics clearly identifies the conceptual limitations and coordinate functionings of all the classical tools of mathematics, and it shows how their partial functioning often frustrates comprehension of experience. |
| 203.03 Synergetics follows the cosmic logic of the structural mathematics strategies of nature, which employ the paired sets of the six angular degrees of freedom, frequencies, and vectorially economical actions and their multialternative, equieconomical action options. |
| 203.04 Rather than refuting the bases of presently known Euclidean and non-Euclidean and hyperbolic and elliptic geometry, synergetics identifies the alternate freedoms of prime axiomatic assumption from which the present mathematical bases were selected. It embraces all the known mathematics. All of the axiomatic alternatives are logical. Thus, original assumptions eliminate the necessity for subsequent assignment of physical qualities to nonconceptual mathematical devices. Classical mathematics has, of necessity, assigned progressively discovered attributes of physical Universe to irrational relationships with the ghostly, a priori Greek geometry. The quest for a mathematics expressing nature's own design has been an elusive one. Synergetics has developed as the search for the omnirational, comprehensive, coordinate system employed by nature, i.e., Universe, throughout all its complementary and interaccommodatively transforming transactions. |
| 203.05 As Werner Heisenberg says "if nature leads us to mathematical forms of great simplicity and beauty . . . to forms that no one has previously encountered, we cannot help thinking that they are 'true,' and that they reveal a genuine feature of nature."1
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| 203.07 Synergetics discloses the excruciating awkwardness characterizing present-day mathematical treatment of the interrelationships of the independent scientific disciplines as originally occasioned by their mutual and separate lacks of awareness of the existence of a comprehensive, rational, coordinating system inherent in nature. |
| 203.08 Synergetics makes possible the return to omniconceptual modeling of all physical intertransformations and energy-value transactions, as exclusively expressed heretofore__especially throughout the last century__only as algebraic, nonconceptual transactions. The conceptual modeling of synergetics does not contradict but complements the exclusively abstract algebraic expression of physical Universe relationships that commenced approximately a century ago with the electromagnetic-wave discoveries of Hertz and Maxwell. Their electrical-apparatus experiments made possible empirical verification or discard of their algebraic treatment of the measured data without their being able to see or conceptually comprehend the fundamental energy behaviors. The permitted discrete algebraic statement and treatment of invisible phenomena resulted in science's comfortable yielding to complete abstract mathematical processing of energy phenomena. The abandonment of conceptual models removed from the literary men any conceptual patterns with which they might explain the evolution of scientific events to the nonmathematically languaged public. Ergo, the lack of modelability produced the seemingly unbridgeable social chasm between the humanities and the sciences. |
 Fig. 203.09 | 203.09 A study of the microbiological structures, the radiolaria, will always show that they are based on either the tetrahedron, the octahedron, or the icosahedron. The picture was drawn by English scientists almost a century ago as they looked through microscopes at these micro-sea structures. The development of synergetics did not commence with the study of these structures of nature, seeking to understand their logic. The picture of the radiolaria has been available for 100 years, but I did not happen to see it until I had produced the geodesic structures that derive from the discovery of their fundamental mathematical principles. In other words, I did not copy nature's structural patterns. I did not make arbitrary arrangements for superficial reasons. I began to explore structure and develop it in pure mathematical principle, out of which the patterns emerged in pure principle and developed themselves in pure principle. I then realized those developed structural principles as physical forms and, in due course, applied them to practical tasks. The reappearance of tensegrity structures in scientists' findings at various levels of inquiry confirms the mathematical coordinating system employed by nature. They are pure coincidence__but excitingly valid coincidence. |
| 203.10 Synergetics represents the coming into congruence of a mathematical system integrating with the most incisive physics findings and generalized laws. At no time am I being scientifically perverse. I am astonished by a philosophic awareness of the highest scientific order, which accommodates the most mystical and mysterious of all human experience. What we are experiencing is vastly more mystically profound by virtue of our adherence to experimentally harvested data than has ever been induced in human comprehension and imagination by benevolently implored beliefs in imagined phenomena dogmatically generated by any of the formalized religions. We are conscious of aspects of the mysterious integrity Universe which logically explains that which we experience and the integrity of the Universe to far more comprehendable degree than that occurring in the make-believe, nonscientifically founded communications of humanity. |
| 204.00 Paradox of the Computer |
| 204.01 Scientific entry into the present realm of nuclear competence was accomplished with the awkward irrational tools of the centimeter-gram-second (CGS)2 measurement and the Cartesian XYZ 90-degree coordinate system. But the awkwardness had to be corrected by Planck's constant to produce reliable, usable information. The development and adoption of the great computers has now relieved humans of the onerous computational tasks entailed in the corrective processing by the irrational constants necessitated by the ineptness of the arithmetical rigidity of arbitrarily exclusive, three-dimensional interpretation of Euclidean geometric mensuration. These irrational constants interlink the many separately evolved quantation techniques of the separately initiated explorations of the many separate facets of universal experience__for instance, biology, crystallography, or physics are called separate, "specialized"' scientific inquiries by academic departments and surrounded by NO TRESPASSING signs and electrically charged barbed wire. Because these tasks are being carried by the computers, and men are getting along all right on their blind-flown scientific pilgrimages, realization of the significance of the sensorially conceptual facility of dealing with nature that is opened up by synergetics has been slow.
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| 204.02 It is a paradox that the computer, in its very ability to process nonconceptual formulae and awkwardly irrational constants, has momentarily permitted the extended use of obsolescent mathematical tools while simultaneously frustrating man's instinctive drive to comprehend his direct experiences. The computer has given man physical hardware that has altered his environmental circumstances without his understanding how he arrived there. This has brought about a general disenchantment with technology. Enchantment can only be sustained in those who have it, or regained by those who have lost it, through conceptual inspiration. Nothing could be more exciting than the dawning awareness of the discovery of the presence of another of the eloquently significant eternal reliabilities of Universe. |
| 205.00 Vector Equilibrium |
| 205.01 The geometrical model of energy configurations in synergetics is developed from a symmetrical cluster of spheres, in which each sphere is a model of a field of energy all of whose forces tend to coordinate themselves, shuntingly or pulsatively, and only momentarily in positive or negative asymmetrical patterns relative to, but never congruent with, the eternality of the vector equilibrium. The vectors connecting the centers of the adjacent spheres are identical in length and angular relationship. The forces of the field of energy represented by each sphere interoscillate through the symmetry of equilibrium to various asymmetries, never pausing at equilibrium. The vector equilibrium itself is only a referential pattern of conceptual relationships at which nature never pauses. This closest packing of spheres in 60-degree angular relationships demonstrates a finite system in universal geometry. Synergetics is comprehensive because it describes instantaneously both the internal and external limit relationships of the sphere or spheres of energetic fields; that is, singularly concentric, or plurally expansive, or propagative and reproductive in all directions, in either spherical or plane geometrical terms and in simple arithmetic. |
| 205.02 When energy-as-heat is progressively extracted from systems by cryogenics, the geometries visibly approach equilibrium; that is to say, removing energy-as-heat reduces the asymmetrical pulsativeness in respect to equilibrium. As the asymmetric kinetics of energy-as-heat are removed, and absolute zero is neared, the whole field of vectors approaches identical length and identical angular interaction; that is to say, they approach the model of closest-packed spherical energy fields. The lines interconnecting the adjacent spheres' centers constitute a vectorial matrix in which all the lines and angles are identical, which is spoken of by the mathematical physicists as the isotropic vector matrix, i.e. where all the energy vectors are identical, i.e., in equilibrium: the cosmically absolute zero. |
| 205.03 Metaphysically, the isotropic vector matrix is conceptually permitted. The difference between the physical and the metaphysical is the omnipulsative asymmetry of all physical oscillation in respect to the equilibrium. Metaphysical is equilibrious and physical is disequilibrious. |
| 205.04 The metaphysically permitted frame of reference for all the asymmetrical physical experience of humanity is characterized by the 60-degree coordination with which synergetics explores nature's behaviors__metaphysical or physical. |
| 205.05 The phenomenon of time entering into energy is just a metaphysical concept. It explains our slowness and our limitations. Temporality is time, and the relative asymmetries of oscillation are realizable only in time__ in the time required for pulsative frequency cycling. Synergetics correlates the verities of time and eternity. The awareness of life is always a complex of cognition and recognition lags. Lags are wave frequency aberrations. |
| 206.00 The vectorial coordinate system deriving from closest packing of spheres permits fourth- and fifth-power models of modular-volume symmetrical aggregations around single points in an omnidirectional, symmetrical, allspace-filling radial growth. (See illustration 966.05.) The unit of modular volumetric measurement is the tetrahedron, whose 60-degree angles and six equilength edges disclose omnipersistent, one-to-one correspondence of radial wave modular growth with circumferential modular frequency growth of the totally involved vectorial geometry. This means that angular and linear accelerations are identical. This is a rational convenience prohibited by 90-degree coordination, whose most economical circumferential geometries are in most cases inherently irrational. |
| 207.00 The angular and linear accelerations of synergetics' isotropic, vectorially triangulated, omnidirectional matrix initiations are rational and uniformly modulated; whereas in theXYZ 90-degree coordinate analysis and plotting of the computational findings of the calculus, only the linear is analyzable and the angular resultants are usually irrationally expressed. |
| 208.00 The frequency and magnitude of event occurrences of any system are comprehensively and discretely controllable by valving, that is, by angle and frequency modulation. Angle and frequency modulation exclusively define all experiences, which events altogether constitute Universe. (See Sec. 305.05.) |
| 209.00 It is a hypothesis of synergetics that forces in both macrocosmic and microcosmic structures interact in the same way, moving toward the most economic equilibrium patternings. By embracing all the energetic phenomena of total physical experience, synergetics provides for a single coherent system of geometric principles and secures a metaphysical and evolutionary advantage for all experiential accounting and prospecting. |
| 210.00 Synergetics provides vectorial modeling of heretofore only instrumentally apprehended phenomena__for instance, those discovered in nuclear physics. Since it discloses nature's own most economical coordinate system, it provides conceptual models for humanity to accommodate the scientists' energy experiment discoveries. |
| 211.00 Synergetics both equates and accommodates Heisenberg's indeterminism of mensuration inherent in the omniasymmetry of wavilinear physical pulsations in respect to the only metaphysical (ergo, physically unattainable) waveless exactitude of absolute equilibrium. It is only from the vantage of eternal exactitude that metaphysical mind intuitively discovers, comprehends, and equates the kinetic integrities of physical Universe's pulsative asymmetries. |
| 212.00 The whole theory of structure is both altered and enormously expanded and implemented by the introduction of a mathematically coordinate, comprehensively operative, discontinuous-compression, continuous-tension system as inherent to synergetics and its omnirationality of vectorial energy accounting. |
| 213.00 The solving of problems in synergetics starts with the known behaviors of the whole system plus the known behavior of some of the system's parts, which makes possible the discovery of other heretofore unknown parts of the system and their respective behaviors. For instance, in geometry, the known sum of a triangle's angles__180 degrees__plus the known behavior of any two sides and their included angle, or vice versa, permits the discovery and measurement of the values of the other three parts. |
| 214.00 In its search for a coordinate system of nature, synergetics has continually reexamined and reconsidered the experimentally based successive discoveries of what seemed to be a hierarchy of generalized principles possibly governing all of the physical Universe's intertransforming transactions. Thus it aims at a total epistemological reorientation and a unique philosophical reconceptioning regarding the regenerative constellar logic of Universe, making possible the formulating of more comprehensive and symmetrical statements regarding dawningly apparent natural laws. |
| 215.00 A Geometry of Vectors |
| 215.01 Assuming an energy Universe of curved paths generated by angular accelerations of varying intertensions, rates, and radii, resulting in orbits of high-frequency continuities, and separating time out of the compound dynamic system, there remain only the relative attractions and repulsions expressed in relative vectorial terms in respect to the radius of any one interattracted couple of the set of all the radii expressed. |
| 215.02 In such a timeless and equilibrious instant, the remainder of the system may be discovered as a vector construction of force interrelationships between centers. A geometry composed of a system of interrelated vectors may be discovered that represents the complete family of potential forces, proclivities, and proportional morphosis by octave introversion and extroversion . |
| 216.00 Significance of Isotropic Vector Matrix |
| 216.01 Even with foreknowledge of the exact elegant congruences of the isotropic vector matrix (Sec. 420) with nature's eternally transforming transaction needs, we can still understand the ease with which humanity's optical-illusion-producing, minuscule stature in relation to his spherical planet magnitude made it logical for him to institute experience analysis as he did, with lines, planes, squares, perpendiculars, and cubes; and present knowledge of the significance of the isotropic vector matrix also explains lucidly why scientists' faithful measuring and calculation discovered the family of irrational mathematical constants correlating their findings as seemingly expressible only in the terms of cubism's centimeter-gram-second, XYZ rectilinear coordination of seemingly obvious "three-dimensional" reality. |
| 216.02 Humanity's escape from the irrational awkwardness of the axiomatic hypothesis trap of eternal askewness which snags him, involves all young humanity's discovery of the isotropic vector matrix synergetics' elegant rational simplicity and its omniaccommodation of all experimentally founded research. Popular understanding and spontaneous employment of synergetics' isotropic vector matrix coordination involves young, popular, experience-induced, spontaneous abandonment of exclusively rectilinear XYZ coordination, but without loss of the XYZ's uneconomically askew identity within the system__all occurring "naturally" through youth's spontaneous espousal of the most exquisitely economical comprehension of the most exquisitely economical freedoms of opportunity of individual realizations always regeneratively inspired by the inherent a priori otherness considerations (see Sec. 411). |
| 216.03 Comprehension of conceptual mathematics and the return to modelability in general are among the most critical factors governing humanity's epochal transition from bumblebee-like self's honey-seeking preoccupation into the realistic prospect of a spontaneously coordinate planetary society. Insect and avian bumbling in general inadvertently cross-fertilizes all the vegetation's terrestrial impoundments of the star-radiated energy which alone regenerates all biological life around Earth planet. The vegetational impoundments would be dehydrated were they not osmotically watercooled by their root-connected hydraulic circuitry of Earth waters' atomization for return into the sky-distributed, fresh-water-regenerating biological support system; and the rooting frustrates integral procreation of the vegetation which is regeneratively cross-fertilized entirely by the insect and avian, entirely unconscious, pollen-delivering inadvertencies. It is highly probable that universal comprehension of synergetics is strategically critical to humanity's exodus from the womb of originally permitted absolute helplessness and ignorance at birth and entry into the realization that planetary society can spontaneously coordinate in universally successful life support, that is, achieve freedom from fundamental fear and political bias inherent in the ignorant assumption of life-support inadequacy. |
| 217.00 Prospects for Synergetics |
| 217.01 Synergetics recognizes the history of progressively larger and more incisive conceptionings, which have eliminated previously uncomprehended behaviors of local Universe. It recognizes that the elegant conceptionings of one period that greatly widened the horizons of human understanding reached their limits of informative capability to be progressively obsoleted by ever greater conceptioning accruing to the ever-mounting harvest of cosmic experience. |
| 217.02 The rate of change and number of special-case self-retransformings of physical evolution tend ever to accelerate, differentiate, and multiply; while the rate of change and numbers of self-remodifyings of generalized law conceptionings of metaphysical evolution tend ever to decelerate, simplify, consolidate, and ultimately unify. (See Sec. 323.) |
| 217.03 In the inherently endless scenario model of Einstein's Universe, truth is ever approaching a catalogue of alternate transformative options of ever more inclusive and refining degrees, wherefore the metaphysical might continually improve the scenario by conceptual discoveries of new generalized principles. (See Secs.529.07 and 1005.50.) |
| 217.04 Synergetics augments the prospect of humanity becoming progressively exploratory. There is clearly disclosed the desirability of commencing scientific exploration with synergy-of-synergies Universe: metaphysical and physical. While synergetics seems to open new ranges of cosmic comprehension, we assume that the time will come when the inventory of experiences that have catalyzed both its conceptioning and inception will have become overwhelmed by vaster experientially based knowledge and may well become progressively useful but, in its turn, obsolete. Because the generalized principles cannot be principles unless they are eternal, and because human experience is inherently limited, there can be no finality of human comprehension. |
Copyright © 1997 Estate of Buckminster Fuller
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